The first mobbing event was recorded during routine camera trap surveys in the study area. Herein, we provide empirical evidence-and discuss the proximate and ultimate implications-of three case studies where WLP mobbed jaguars in the southern Pantanal, Brazil. Observations of mobbing by WLP against jaguars are rare, likely due to the elusive nature of both species (Perry 1970). Jaguars are solitary apex predators that specialize in ambush predation and have a flexible diet of over 85 different species including WLP (Sunquist and Sunquist 1989 Foster et al. Currently listed as near threatened and the largest felid in the Western Hemisphere, jaguars ( Panthera onca) share a similar range of distribution with WLP throughout Central and South America (Quigley et al. WLP are classified as vulnerable by the IUCN due to habitat loss, hunting pressure, and conflict with livestock (Altrichter et al. White-lipped peccaries ( Tayassu pecari hereafter, WLP) are group-living Neotropical ungulates that range over a mosaic of forested and open habitat from southeastern Mexico through northern Argentina (Keuroghlian et al. We discuss the implications of this behavioral interaction for the proximate and ultimate fitness of both predator and prey. Our observations provide direct empirical evidence of antagonistic behavioral interactions between jaguars and white-lipped peccaries that have previously been limited to anecdotes within academic literature. Two cases of mobbing were recorded by video camera trap during routine surveys, and a third case was directly observed by one of the authors during telemetry triangulation of a GPS-collared individual jaguar. White-lipped peccaries and jaguars co-occur within the study area, a large-scale ecotourism and working cattle ranch in the Brazilian Pantanal. Herein, we present three unique cases of white-lipped peccaries ( Tayassu pecari) mobbing jaguars ( Panthera onca) in the wild. Mobbing is a rarely observed anti-predation strategy used by group-living prey species whereby several individuals distract or harass a predator until it either ends the pursuit or leaves the area. Ambush predators rely on stealth to successfully secure prey.
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